Materi Bahasa Inggris SMP
Obligation and Prohibition
Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kita sering menemukan aturan yang mengharuskan seseorang melakukan sesuatu atau melarang seseorang melakukan sesuatu. Dalam bahasa Inggris, hal tersebut dikenal sebagai Obligation dan Prohibition.
1. Obligation
Obligation adalah ungkapan yang digunakan untuk menyatakan kewajiban, keharusan, atau sesuatu yang harus dilakukan.
Kata-kata yang sering digunakan:
- must (harus)
- have to (harus)
- has to (harus)
- need to (perlu)
Contoh:
- Students must wear uniforms.
- I have to finish my homework.
- She has to study for the exam.
- We need to follow the rules.
2. Prohibition
Prohibition adalah ungkapan yang digunakan untuk menyatakan larangan, yaitu sesuatu yang tidak boleh dilakukan.
Kata-kata yang sering digunakan:
- must not (mustn’t)
- cannot (can’t)
- may not
- no + noun/verb-ing
Contoh:
- You must not run in the library.
- Students cannot use mobile phones during exams.
- Visitors may not enter this room.
- No smoking.
Obligation (Kewajiban)
Menggunakan Must
Must digunakan untuk menyatakan kewajiban yang kuat atau aturan yang harus dipatuhi.
Rumus
Subject + must + Verb 1
Contoh:
- You must obey your parents.
- Students must arrive on time.
- We must keep the classroom clean.
Kalimat Negatif
Subject + must not + Verb 1
Contoh:
- You must not cheat during a test.
Menggunakan Have To / Has To
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kewajiban yang berasal dari aturan atau keadaan tertentu.
Rumus
Subject + have to + Verb 1
Subject + has to + Verb 1
Contoh:
- I have to wake up early.
- They have to wear uniforms.
- She has to finish her project.
Perbedaan Must dan Have To
| Must | Have To |
|---|---|
| Kewajiban kuat dari pembicara | Kewajiban karena aturan atau keadaan |
| Lebih tegas | Lebih umum digunakan |
| Must study hard. | Have to study hard. |
Contoh:
- You must respect your teacher. (nasihat kuat)
- Students have to wear uniforms. (aturan sekolah)
Prohibition (Larangan)
Menggunakan Must Not (Mustn’t)
Digunakan untuk menyatakan larangan yang tegas.
Rumus
Subject + must not + Verb 1
Contoh:
- You must not smoke here.
- Students must not fight.
- We must not litter.
Menggunakan Cannot (Can’t)
Digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang tidak diperbolehkan.
Rumus
Subject + cannot/can’t + Verb 1
Contoh:
- You can’t park here.
- Students can’t use calculators during the test.
Larangan pada Tanda-Tanda Umum
No Smoking
Artinya:
Dilarang merokok.
No Parking
Artinya:
Dilarang parkir.
No Entry
Artinya:
Dilarang masuk.
No Littering
Artinya:
Dilarang membuang sampah sembarangan.
Contoh Obligation dan Prohibition di Sekolah
Obligations
- Students must wear school uniforms.
- Students have to attend classes.
- We must respect our teachers.
- Students have to complete their homework.
Prohibitions
- Students must not cheat.
- Students cannot bring dangerous objects.
- Students must not damage school property.
- Students cannot skip classes.
Contoh Kalimat Lainnya:
Obligation
- I must study for tomorrow’s test.
- We have to clean the classroom.
- She has to submit her assignment today.
- You need to follow the instructions.
Prohibition
- You must not run in the hallway.
- Students cannot use phones during lessons.
- We must not make noise in the library.
- Visitors may not enter the laboratory.
Contoh Paragraf Cerita
School Rules
Every student in my school has to follow the school rules. Students must wear clean uniforms every day and must arrive before the first lesson starts. They have to respect their teachers and complete their homework on time. In the library, students must not make loud noises because other students need a quiet place to study. They also cannot use mobile phones during class. By following these obligations and prohibitions, students can create a safe, comfortable, and disciplined learning environment.
Terjemahan
Setiap siswa di sekolah saya harus mengikuti peraturan sekolah. Siswa harus memakai seragam yang bersih setiap hari dan harus datang sebelum pelajaran pertama dimulai. Mereka harus menghormati guru dan menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah tepat waktu. Di perpustakaan, siswa tidak boleh membuat suara keras karena siswa lain membutuhkan tempat yang tenang untuk belajar. Mereka juga tidak boleh menggunakan telepon genggam selama pelajaran. Dengan mematuhi kewajiban dan larangan tersebut, siswa dapat menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang aman, nyaman, dan disiplin.
Berikut adalah ringkasan materi “Obligation and Prohibition”
1. Choose the correct answer.
Students ______ wear uniforms at school.
a. must
b. must not
c. can’t
d. may not
Jawaban
a. must
Pembahasan
Kalimat menunjukkan kewajiban siswa di sekolah sehingga menggunakan must.
Kalimat lengkap:
Students must wear uniforms at school.
2. Complete the sentence.
You ______ smoke in the classroom.
a. must
b. have to
c. must not
d. need to
Jawaban
c. must not
Pembahasan
Merokok di kelas merupakan larangan sehingga menggunakan must not.
3. Choose the correct answer.
My sister ______ finish her homework before dinner.
a. has to
b. must not
c. can’t
d. may not
Jawaban
a. has to
Pembahasan
Subjek My sister adalah orang ketiga tunggal sehingga menggunakan has to.
Yuk, Kita lanjut kerjakan soal dibawah ini dengan seksama:
- Jelaskan pengertian Obligation dan Prohibition beserta perbedaannya!
- Jelaskan perbedaan penggunaan must, have to, dan has to dalam kalimat!
- Buatlah masing-masing lima kalimat tentang kewajiban dan lima kalimat tentang larangan di sekolah!
- Tuliskan sebuah paragraf tentang peraturan di rumahmu menggunakan minimal lima kalimat Obligation dan lima kalimat Prohibition!
- Sebutkan 10 contoh tanda larangan yang sering ditemukan di tempat umum dan jelaskan artinya dalam bahasa Inggris!
Next Level Challange:
1. Choose the correct answer.
“Students ______ submit their assignments before Friday, and they ______ copy other students’ work.”
a. must – must not
b. have to – have to
c. must not – must
d. can – cannot
2. Complete the sentence correctly.
“My brother ______ wear a helmet when riding a motorcycle, and he ______ ride without a driving license.”
a. must – must not
b. must not – must
c. can – can’t
d. has to not – has to
3. Choose the grammatically correct sentence.
a. Visitors must not enters this room.
b. Visitors must not entered this room.
c. Visitors must not entering this room.
d. Visitors must not enter this room.
4. Complete the dialogue.
Teacher: “You ______ be quiet during the examination.”
Student: “Yes, Sir.”
a. must
b. can’t
c. may not
d. must not
5. Choose the best answer.
“Library visitors ______ keep silent, and they ______ bring food or drinks inside.”
a. have to – must not
b. must not – have to
c. can – cannot
d. may – may not
